CSF1 and bacterial infectious disease: In addition, RNA-seq data also indicated the down-regulated expression of some other chemokines and cytokines such as colony stimulating factor 1 (Csf1, also known as M-CSF) in Alkbh5-deficient neutrophils, which also likely explains the decreased macrophages given that neutrophil-derived CSF1 controls recruitment of these cells to inflamed site.47 It is worth investigating whether ALKBH5 directly affects macrophage migration or innate function during bacterial infection in the future.