PDCD1 and neoplasm: In addition, stromal (but not carcinomatous) PD‐L1 LIs in the outer (but not inner or middle) stroma were significantly associated with tumor lymph and venous invasions, whereas there was no correlation between clinicopathological factors and the status of PD‐1, CD4, CD8, or CD68 (Table 1 and supplementary material, Table S3).