We did not observe any changes, however, to other PH and/or COPD-related pathways that could be related to the effect of BGF treatment, such as NO or VEGF pathway, while the observed changes in the vascular proliferation capability could also be attributed to the alteration in NFκB pathway [36–40].While individual drugs are known to affect NFκB activation and subsequent cytokine production, further molecular studies are warranted to elucidate this mechanism [41]. This evidence concerns the gene VEGFA and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.