PABPC1 and infection: In uninfected cells, PABPC1 has a steady-state cytoplasmic localization, however upon infection with HSV-1, or expression of vhs by transient transfection, PABPC1 accumulates in the nucleus in a vhs-dependant manner (10, 15), meaning that relative PABPC1 localization is a useful surrogate for vhs function.