These results, together with the fact that IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, and IFN-γ could not be detected at the systemic level after vPdR-H30K-5U infection, suggest that IFN-α, IL-12, and to some extent IL-8 are the major cytokines contributing to CSF pathogenesis. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and infection.