CHGB and Alzheimer disease: Among neuropeptides, CHGAis upregulated in AD and activates microgliato generate proinflammatory cytokines, which is consistent with inflammationin AD.35−37 Further, CHGA is present in amyloid plaques associatedwith accumulation amyloid-β.38,39 CHGB-derivedneuropeptides are also co-localized with amyloid plaques in AD brains.39 The precise functions of CHGB neuropeptidesare largely unknown at the present time.