ADAR and autosomal dominant Robinow syndrome: For example, the human ortholog of the dishevelled gene (dsh) in Drosophila, which affects segment polarity, causes autosomal-dominant Robinow syndrome (OMIM #616331) (Patton and Afzal, 2002); yet, the phenotypes are not readily relatable because most of the structures affected in the human have no homologs in the fly.