GSK3B and bipolar disorder: For example, decreases of total and/or phospho-Ser9-GSK3β were reported in PBMCs, lymphoblasts, and brain tissue from chronic schizophrenia patients,9,39,40 in some but not all studies.41,42 Decrease of pGSK3β has also been found in platelets from APD-free patients.43 On the other hand, large increases (3-fold) of pGSK3β have been reported in fresh PBMCs from Li-free bipolar patients compared with control subjects.44 Thus, increased PBMC pGSK3β seems to represent a shared feature of drug-naive FEP and Li-free bipolar disorder patients.