Similar to IL-10-stimulated cells, neutrophils stimulated by LPS or primed by TNF-α in vitro, as well as from the patients with sepsis or NMOSD, also released VEGF, but with a different pattern of chemokines (IL-8, CCL4, CCL5) and cytokines (IL-2, -5, -9, -15, -17, TNF-α) promoting inflammation. Here, TNF is linked to Sepsis.