HLA-C and infection: It should be mentioned that even though anti-SSA-A/SS-B antibodies play a key pathogenic role in CHB, there are also additional risk factors (maternal MHC genes, maternal age, maternal interferon signature, maternal positivity for both anti-Ro52 and anti-Ro60 antibodies, high titers of anti-p200 antibodies, fetal MHC genes, low levels of vitamin D, infections), considering that CHB occurs in only a minority of pregnancies from SS-A-positive mothers (100, 101).