INS and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Among the long list of potential “biomarkers” of obesity-associated inflammation, interleukin (IL)-6 (4, 6), IL-8 (7), IL-10 (6), leptin (4, 6), C-Reactive Protein (CRP) (4, 7), insulin (4), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) (8), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP1) (7) were shown to be elevated in obese individuals while other markers such as adiponectin were reduced (6).