Based on results obtained in other solid, refractory tumors in adults, especially of squamous cell differentiation, and possibly considering PD-L1 expression observed in thymic epithelial tumor cells – despite its intrinsic and constitutive relationship with the thymic origin of cancer cells – immune checkpoint inhibitors of the PD-1/PD-L1 axis have been assessed in advanced and metastatic thymic epithelial tumors, mainly thymic carcinomas. The gene discussed is CD274; the disease is thymic epithelial neoplasm.