GPT and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Compared to the parent curcumin, curcumin5-8 inhibits fatty acid synthesis and lipid droplet formation to inhibit fatty liver formation. The improved NAFLD and hepatic triglyceride levels are not associated with increased autophagy, as oxidative stress is suppressed consequently reducing the risk of metabolic diseases, such as obesity, fatty liver, and diabetes. Compared to the untreated group, curcumin 5–8 significantly improves insulin resistance and shows a hepatoprotective effect against lipid toxicity and apoptosis, with decreased serum alanine aminotransferase levels