A series of clinical trials on cancer therapy aimed to promote DCs activation, and consequently T cell priming against tumor antigen through the administration of specific cytokines and or adjuvant, such as FLT3L, GM-CSF and/or agents blocking a series of soluble factors released by cancer cells or specific signaling pathways that contrast DCs maturation (Saito et al., 2008; Merad et al., 2013; Johnson et al., 2018; Kerdidani et al., 2019). The gene discussed is CSF2; the disease is neoplasm.