In the training cohort, patients with high ACLR (> 80) tended to have tumors with advanced clinical phenotypes including larger tumor size (P < 0.001), higher Edmondson’s grade (P < 0.001), more vascular invasion (P < 0.001), and higher AFP level (P = 0.004) (Supplementary Figures 2A–D). The gene discussed is AFP; the disease is neoplasm.