TNF and infection: However, both corticosteroids and anti-tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) drugs have significant side effects, long-term use may have risks of infection, diabetes, osteoporosis, etc. (7) Anti-integrin therapy (vedolizumab) seems safer and has also been reported to be effective in this disease, but it works slowly for severe patients (8, 9).Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), a method of putting feces from a healthy donor into the gastrointestinal tract of another patient to restore the balance of gut microbes, is widely used to treat refractory Clostrioides difficile infections (10, 11).