PDCD1 and melanoma: Cervera-Carrascon and his colleagues that tested nonreplicating vectors expressing IL-2 (Ad5-CMV-mIL2) and TNF-α (Ad5-CMV-mTNF- α) in combination with programmed cell-death protein 1 (PD-1) blocking antibodies in a mouse model demonstrated complete regression of murine melanoma tumors, and prolonged survival of mice (176).