Upregulation of the acid ceramidase ASAH1 has been linked to apoptosis resistance due to depletion of ceramide in several solid tumors, as well as AML, while the alkaline ceramidase ACER3 promotes AML and hepatocellular carcinoma and indirectly protects against colon cancer by tamping down the innate immune system (reviewed in (207)). Here, ACER3 is linked to acute myeloid leukemia.