Emerging evidence has indicated that immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapies such as anti-programmed death 1 (PD-1), ant-programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) have emerged as a promising approach as anti-cancer immunotherapy, dramatically changing treatment in solid tumors (60–62). The gene discussed is CD274; the disease is cancer.