HMGA2 and neoplasm: Reports have shown that the TGF-β signal can promote EMT by inducing the expression of Snail/2, ZEBI/2, ET-1, OCT4, and HMGA2 (29) and also act as a tumor growth inhibitor to suppress the division and proliferation of in situ tumors and promote cell senescence and apoptosis in the early stage of tumors while promoting tumor cell invasion and metastasis by inducing angiogenesis and promoting immune escape in advanced stages (17).