Blockage of dysregulated EGFR with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKI) has played a central role in the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with a significant improvement in clinical outcome: a response rate as high as 80%, especially for lung cancer patients with exon 19 deletions or an L858R mutation. This evidence concerns the gene EGFR and non-small cell lung carcinoma.