Previous studies identified sja-miR-71a as the most enriched miRNA in S. japonicum egg-derived EVs and a negative modulator of liver fibrogenesis that targets Sema4d and negatively regulates functions of the TGF-β1/SMAD and IL-13/signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 signaling pathways during infection (Du et al., 2016; Xu et al., 2016; Wang L. et al., 2020). This evidence concerns the gene IL13 and infection.