DM: Diabetes mellitus; GLP-1: Glucagon-like peptide 1; TG: Triglycerides; LDL: Low-density lipoprotein; HDL: High-density lipoprotein; TSH: Thyroid-stimulating hormone; HTN: Hypertension; CKD: Chronic kidney disease; DKA: Diabetic ketoacidosis; TIA: Transient ischemic attack; ESRD: End-stage renal disease; UTI: Urinary tract infection. The gene discussed is GCG; the disease is urinary tract infection.