Age, body mass index, overweight, chewing ability, 25-hydroxy-vitamin D, insulin-like growth factor 1, testosterone, albumin, gamma-glutamyl transferase, lipids, cystatin C, blood pressure, osteoporosis, pain, stroke, chronic kidney disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, fat and protein intake, exercise, instrumental activities of daily living. This evidence concerns the gene IGF1 and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.