Age, body mass index, overweight, chewing ability, 25-hydroxy-vitamin D, insulin-like growth factor 1, testosterone, albumin, gamma-glutamyl transferase, lipids, cystatin C, blood pressure, osteoporosis, pain, stroke, chronic kidney disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, fat and protein intake, exercise, instrumental activities of daily living. The gene discussed is IGF1; the disease is osteoporosis.