NLRP3 and infection: In the absence of infection, the NLRP3 inflammasome is a key mediator of sterile inflammation and is activated in response to injury and disease through stimuli that include glycaemic injury (Castro et al., 2021), oxidative stress (Tao et al., 2021), and the release of danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), e.g., ATP (Rumora et al., 2021).