For instance, recent studies suggest that the role of M2 macrophages in chronic kidney disease may be the opposite of that in AKI, and targeting signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) can inhibit the polarization of M2 macrophages, thereby protecting renal function (Jiao et al., 2021a; Jiao et al., 2021b). Here, STAT6 is linked to chronic kidney disease.