NFKB1 and acute kidney injury: For example, in AKI, miRNA-34b can regulate acute inflammation and apoptosis in sepsis by indirectly affecting the NF-κB signaling pathway; however, these effects can be both protective or damaging, respectively, dependent on whether its 3p- or 5p-chain structures are activated (He S. Y. et al., 2020; Zheng et al., 2021).