IL1B and Alzheimer disease: Inflammation has been implicated to encourage the progression of AD, and activated inflammatory mediators and high levels of IL-1β are found in the serum, cerebrospinal fluid, and brain of patients with AD where it exerts neurotoxic effects against microglia and astrocytes (Rubio-Perez and Morillas-Ruiz, 2012; Parajuli et al., 2013; Saresella et al., 2016; Italiani et al., 2018; Ng et al., 2018).