As found by Chen et al., PAA regulated nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and nuclear factor-erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathways to reduce oxidative stress and inflammation, thereby improving renal fibrosis and podocyte injury in rats with renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) [12]. Here, NFKB1 is linked to renal fibrosis.