Contrary to 5-aza, Fumonisin B, a common toxic mycotoxins of cereal grains, activated NRF2/KEAP1 pathway by hypermethylating CpG islands in KEAP1 gene, consequently enhancing ROS production along with promoting cell membrane damage in human hepatoma cells (Arumugam et al., 2021). Here, NFE2L2 is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.