KEAP1 and cancer: NRF2 is the genetic product of the NFE2L2 gene, which is located on frequent copy number-gained region of chromosome 2q31.2 and can be genetically altered by copy number amplifications (CNA), promoter demethylation, somatic mutations in ETGE or DLG motifs required for KEAP1 combination, or oncogene-regulated transcription of NRF2 including KRASG12D, BRAFV600E and cMYCERT2, reflecting the universal instabilities of genome inherent to distinct tumors (Cancer Genome Atlas Research, 2012; Imielinski et al., 2012; Berger et al., 2017; Campbell et al., 2016).