Especially, Astaxanthin (AST), a red dietary carotenoid, could significantly increase the mRNA expression of DNMT3a at a low concentration but decrease the expression and activation of DNMT1, 3a and 3b at a relatively high concentration, while steadily attenuated NQO1 expression via NRF2/KEAP1 pathway in dose-dependent manners, ultimately reducing the cell viability and cellular transformation respectively in the prostate cancer cells (Yang et al., 2017) and mouse skin JB6 P+ cells (Yang et al., 2018b). The gene discussed is NFE2L2; the disease is prostate cancer.