Though the roles of NRF2/KEAP1 signaling in other oxidative damage-related diseases including cardiovascular disease, diabetes and neurodegenerative diseases are purely protective, accumulating innovative studies point to a pivotal role for activated NRF2/KEAP1 signaling in promoting cancer progression, metastasis, and resistance to chemo- and radiotherapy, which is essentially arose from the dual nature of ROS in tumor biology (Padmanabhan et al., 2006; Sporn and Liby, 2012; Wang et al., 2016a; Tao et al., 2018). Here, NFE2L2 is linked to diabetes mellitus.