Pierorazio [40] evaluated the effects of pre-diagnostic total and free testosterone on high-risk prostate cancer (defined as prostate cancer-specific mortality, a PSA level of > 20 ng/mL or a Gleason score of ≥ 8 at diagnosis) in a cohort study of 145 men with a mean age of 52 years and a median follow-up of 22 years. The gene discussed is KLK3; the disease is Familial prostate cancer.