The enrichment pathways and interaction networks of these glycoproteins were exhibited in Fig. 8B and C. The glycoproteins of Clusters #9 were enriched in HIF-1 signaling pathway (INSR, IGF1R, TFRC), RAP1 signaling pathway (INSR, IGF1R, ITGB3), and lysine degradation pathway (PLOD3 and COLGALT1), indicating that these pathways might play an important role in the LNM process in ESCC. Here, COLGALT1 is linked to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.