ISM1 and pulmonary emphysema: As ISM1 deficiency results in lung inflammation and emphysema and ISM1 expression in the lung is upregulated by intratracheal LPS instillation (Lam et al. 2022; Venugopal et al. 2015), we wish to examine the role of ISM1 in acute lung inflammation in response to intratracheally instilled LPS (2 mg/kg) using Ism1−/− and wild-type mice.