In subgroup analysis, we ‎found that in the Western ‎population, infection with cagA-positive strains could be led to increase in ‎the resistance to ‎metronidazole (OR: 1.59; 95% CI: ‎0.78–3.21‎‏‎), ‎amoxicillin (OR: ‎19.68‎; 95% CI: 2.74–‎‎141.18), ‎and ‎levofloxacin (OR: ‎11.33; 95% CI: ‎1.39–‎‎91.85). Here, S100A8 is linked to infection.