REN and pulmonary arterial hypertension: Sind et al.138 demonstrated that miRNA-181A-5p and miRNA-324-5p could reduce pulmonary vascular remodeling to resist the occurrence of pulmonary hypertension.138 Upregulation of miRNA-34C-5p, miRNA-449b, miRNA-571, miRNA-765, miRNA-483-3p, miRNA-143/145, miRNA-21, miRNA-126, miRNA-196a, miRNA-132, miRNA-212, and miRNA-451 may result RAS imbalance, which raises blood pressure.139 Study found that cyclic adenosine phosphate and sex hormones could stimulate the expression of renin mRNA and the secretion of renin proprotein in primary trophoblast cells.