We determined the existence of oncostreams in genetically engineered mouse models (GEMM) of glioma including NPA (NRAS, shP53, shAtrx) and NPD (NRAS, shP53, Pdgfb) and other implantable models (GL26) (Fig. 1A and Supplementary Fig. 1A, B). Here, PDGFB is linked to glioma.