MAPK3 and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: We also targeted pathways known to synergistically interact with WNT signaling and activated in ALS, including mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase family members p38 (MAPK14), ERK1 and -2, and JNK1, -2, and -3, as well as TP53 (Bhinge et al., 2017; Sama et al., 2017; Gibbs et al., 2018; Červenka et al., 2011; Damalas et al., 1999).