While 82.5% (95%CI: 78.8–85.7%) of patients with HBsAg-antiHBc+ were also anti-HBs positive, reflecting that past HBV infection is the vast majority status of the patients with HBsAg-antiHBc+, whereas the remaining 17.5% (95%CI: 14.3–21.2%) who were negative for anti-HBs could have past, resolved infection but could also have falsely positive anti-HBc results, or low- level chronic HBV infection, or resolution of acute infection. The gene discussed is KRT88P; the disease is infection.