CD274 and neoplasm: On the one hand, gold nanorods with high photothermal conversion efficiency induced strong PTT and raised the temperature to 42 °C, which was the optimal temperature for Cas9 delivery into cells and transcription action, thus improving the gene-editing efficiency; on the other hand, the optimal temperature induced by gold nanorods-mediated PTT could promote the formation of immune memory, activate T cells, enhance T cells to infiltrate into the tumor site, transferring the “cold” tumor to “hot” tumor and improving tumor’s response to PD-L1 mediated ICB.