MUC1 and neoplasm: Due to the difficulty of covalent reaction between hydrophobic α-GalCer and hydrophilic antigen, Liu et al. (2021) synthesized a tumor vaccine loaded with both α-GalCer and MUC1 by introducing multivalent gold nanocarriers, and studied for the first time the immune response triggered by the coupling of α-GalCer adjuvant and antigen on the surface of gold nanoparticles, and observed the effect on tumor immune response by changing the loading ratio of adjuvant to tumor antigen.