HIF-1α is expressed with CLL PCs and promotes glycolysis in CLL cells that appear “primed” for hypoxic conditions.10,11 Therefore, it seems likely that the combination of antigen, interactions with stromal cells and hypoxia all combine to promote a switch to glycolysis within CLL PCs to support CLL-cell proliferation. Here, HIF1A is linked to B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia.