AFP and hepatocellular carcinoma: To comprehensively evaluate the diagnostic value of ATSFI for PHC, the diagnostic performances of the best single indicator SEA-SE37, AFP, A990Model, and the combination of six original fluorescence indicators with AFP (A990+AFP) were evaluated and compared in all PHC, early HCC (BCLC stage A), AFP-negative PHC, and small PHC (Figure 5).