ALK and mature T-cell and NK-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma: It was reported that with the exception of ALK-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL), PTCLs are associated with a poor prognosis, with an estimated 5-year overall survival (OS) rate of 30% (5), Moreover, patients with relapsed or refractory PTCL have an extremely poor median OS of 5.8 months (6).