However, non-caspase-dependent apoptotic pathways can also be activated under DOX or cardiac IR condition, as evidenced by AIF translocation to the nuclei in H9c2 cardiomyoblasts treated with DOX (Moreira et al., 2014) and intracytosolic translocation of AIF and endonuclease G during cardiac ischemia (Yang et al., 2017). This evidence concerns the gene AIFM1 and myocardial ischemia.