Randomized controlled clinical trials that compared different prophylactic interventions for preventing PME after cataract surgery in diabetes patients were reviewed, which suggested that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) eye drop, intravitreal anti-VEGF, and steroid agents are potentially effective in preventing PME and improving postoperative best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA). The gene discussed is VEGFA; the disease is diabetes mellitus.