Ginsenoside Rd reduced Aβ-induced increased expression and activation of GSK-3β, attenuating Aβ-induced pathological tau phosphorylation in Aβ-treated cortical neuronal cultures and in a rat and transgenic AD mouse model [183], and inhibited mTOR activation in Aβ-treated PC12 cell cultures [184]. This evidence concerns the gene MAPT and Alzheimer disease.