Ginkgo diterpene lactones alleviated LPS-induced inflammatory response in primary astrocytes by downregulation of the TLR4/NF-κB signal pathway [224], and ginkgolide B alleviated learning and memory impairment in rats with vascular dementia by reducing neuroinflammation due to decreased activity of the TLR4/NF-κB pathway [225]. Here, TLR4 is linked to vascular dementia.