CPA1 and infection: The objective of this study was to prepare recombinant proteins targeting five virulence factors or virulence-associated factors of C. perfringens in either single (Cna) or chimeric forms (NetB-CPA and FBA-Zm), and compare the vaccine efficacies via subcutaneous immunization in a well-established NE challenge model, a dual infection model with Eimeria maxima pre-infection, followed by pathogenic C. perfringens co-infection.