Abnormal angiogenesis is also stimulated by tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), activation of (mTOR) complex 1 (C1), ERK1, STAT3, via HIF-1α ubiquitination, and the up-regulation of carbonic-anhydrase (CA) 9 gene expression, and DNA damage responses 1 (Redd1). This evidence concerns the gene HIF1A and neoplasm.