As shown in Figure 6A,B, compared to the control group, the degree of PBMC proliferation was significantly promoted by 10.38%, 14.78% in the PD-1 NVs, and PD-1&GEM NVs treatment groups, suggesting that PD-1 NVs effectively relieved the negative regulation of PD-L1 expressed by tumor cells on immune cells. Here, CD274 is linked to neoplasm.