Furthermore, exosomal wild-type EGFR has been shown to cause OSM resistance in NSCLC (H1975) cancers [90], and exosomal EGFR was downregulated in this study by TLM_CFM-F_OSM treatment, suggesting that combination treatment affecting exosomal PD-L1 and EGFR expression could be helpful in reversing NSCLC tumor growth and OSM resistance. Here, EGFR is linked to neoplasm.