ZEB-mediated transcriptional repression often involves the recruitment of a C-terminal-binding protein (CTBP) co-repressor, although in some cancer cells, ZEB1 represses E-cadherin expression independently of CTBP by recruiting the Switch/sucrose non-fermentable (SWI/SNF) chromatin remodeling protein, BRG1 [32]. This evidence concerns the gene CTBP1 and cancer.