SOX2 and colitis: After oral administration of grape derived EVs, they target intestinal stem cells and promote the proliferation of BMI1 stem cells; the gene expression of SOX2, Naong, OCT4 and KLF4, a marker of pluripotent stem cells, was significantly up-regulated; and it could also trigger downstream normative Wnt signal activation, induce Lgr5+ stem cell proliferation, accelerate intestinal mucosal regeneration, promote intestinal tissue remodeling, protect the intestine of mice and inhibit DSS-induced colitis [19,48].